SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase 2), also known as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), is an important antioxidant enzyme found primarily in the mitochondria. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress by catalyzing the conversion of harmful superoxide radicals (O₂⁻) into hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which is then further detoxified by other antioxidant enzymes. This process helps to maintain cellular integrity and function, especially within the mitochondria, which are highly susceptible to oxidative damage. SOD2 is essential for maintaining mitochondrial health, energy production, and cellular signaling. Dysregulation of SOD2 has been linked to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, making it a critical target for research in oxidative stress and cellular defense mechanisms.